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5'Sheets-Sheetl. J'. HOOKER.

TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. No.170,372.

l Patented Nov. 23,1875.

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J. Ho'oKER..

TYPE-SETTING MACHINE. x No.170,372l. Patented. Nov. 23,1875.

Wine@ M W ffwmfor J. HOOKER.

TYPE-SETTING MACHINE.

- P atent 5 Sheets-Sheet.

ed Nov. 23, 1875.

s shew-sheet s. J'. HOOKER. TYPE-SETTINGMACHINE. No 170 372, Patented 1m,.zv..,1a'1s.l

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N. PETERS. PHDTGLITHGGRAFHER. WASHINGTON, D. CA

` reservoir. v

PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN HOOKER, oF'sLINeTON, AssieNoH To WILLIAM MOORE, OF BEooLEs,

AND WILLIAM OK. OLOWEs AND WILLIAM OLOWEs, JE., OF LONDON,

ENGLAND IMPROVEMENT INTvE--sEri-me MACHINES..

Speoilicationforming part of IiettersPatent'No. 170,372, datedrNove-mbe'r 23,1875; application filed September 1l, 1874. K f

To all whom t mayconcern: l

Beit known that I, JOHN HOOKER, of 1 Esysex street, St. Peters street, Islington, in the county of Middlesex, England,a subject of the jQueen of Great Britain, have invented or discovered new and usefulImprovements in Type- Setting' Machines; and I, the said JOHN HOOK- ',ER, do hereby declarethe nature ofthe said in?. vention, and in' what manner the same is to be performed, to be particularly'described and ascertained in and by the following statement y thereof-that is to say:

-dinarily contained in inclined or vertical res ervoirs, there being a separate reservoir for; each letter or type, and as any letter or type is reqnlred it is pushed out from the bottom ot'one. or other ot' these reservoirs bylmeans of a pusher worked by the depression of a iingerkey., By this arrangement the several finger-keys must either be in a straight line,

Ycorresponding with the row oi'type-reservoirs, or, it' the-keys are otherwise placed, the connections between them andv the pushers become complicated. The linger-keys have also to be depressed with considerableforce to y overcome the friction of thelever-connections and to expel. the bottom type from out of a Io'obviate these inconveniences I yemploy electro-magnets to give motion to the. pushers at the bottom ofthe several reservoirs. One

` end ofthe coil ot' each magnet I couple to one end ofthe battery, and the oppos/ite end to a ijXed metal plate. The several plates thus coupled to one end ,of the several coils are in'- snlatedfrom another, and maybe ranged-in any positions desired.' l, by .,pletei'elice, ar-

range them in the formfot' ain` ordinary conipositors case-or tray of type. Ihe operator, wishing to deliver a letter from one or other of the reservoirs, simply touchesA the Ametal `plate corresponding '3o this letter With the end of awire coupled to' the opposite pole of the Ehe'contacts for passing a'current through the coils of any one or'other of the electromagnets may, however, it' desired, be made v by depressing finger-keys or by other suitable means. Y

The manner in which Athe electromagnets arearranged to work the pushers for expelling the type from the reservoirs maybe considerably varied. I prefer, however,` to cause the pushers to push the type out sidewise, and to work the pushers by arms carried by axes, in the manner hereinafter described; but in place ot forming fin ger keys or arms at the op'- posite ends of these axes, as heretofore, when the pushers have been worked in this manner, I shorten the arms and mount upon each of themanarmature, and belo7 each armature I place an electro-magnet, which is caused to attract the armature whenever a type is to be pushed from the bottom of the reservoir.

-As the types are pushed from the reservoirs they may be carried away by endless traveling'k tapes and delivered onto one tape, which is inclined to the row4 of reservoirs, in the manner now well known, and as is hereinafter more fully-described. y

l In order to collect the type into line from this traveling band I cause the delivery end of the band to incline somewhat downward,

and deliver the type, tail foremostponto a short inclined-chute, from which they lpass ony to the top of a column of type previously col. lected in a' receiver. This receiver Vpasses downward approximately at right angles to Vthe inclined chute, so that the uppermost type in it shall be at such an angle that, as a fresh type comes down, this fresh type is freeto slide along, by gravitation, to the back of the receiver, and so come intol a line with the other type previously contained therein. As the types are received into the receiver they are pushedvdownward along it'by a pusher, which acts on their tail end, and this pusher, at'each i `forward stroke, moves the `type downwardin the :receiver a suflicient distance to allowot two or three type entering the receiver before vthe pusher has to' make a fresh stroke. In4

order to permit two or more type thus to enter the receiver, even during the time that the pusher gis forward, the distance between the side ofthe pusher and the end of the inclined pusher. The receiver, after passing `down-` ward a short distance in the direction above mentioned, is curved `round and led away horizontally, or nearly so, to the frontof the machine, and the type are taken away from it, from time to time, in lines to be justied.

In order to prevent two types from passing, sideby side, from the traveling tape into the receiver, I place above the delivery endof the tape, where it inclines downward, as'before stated, a light spring, to guide the type up to a fixed guiding-surface along one side of the tape. If, however, two types are being carried `forward, side by side, upon the band, this spring is pushed aside, and the typefarthest from the guide-surface above mentioned is ar# rested by a stop, which is carried by a short lever, to which a vibrating motion is imparted so asto move back this type in a contrary drection tothat in which it was before traveling, :while the other `typeis carriedforward jby` the tape, and passes into the receiver. The

type which had been arrested is then pressed by the spring'np to the guide-surface at the sideof the tape, and away from the stop, and is, in its turn, conveyed away by the tape into the-receiver. i

The above improvements in apparatus for collecting type into a receiver from a traveling band or inclined plane are applicable to Aother type-setting. machines.

In place of employing a numberuoi" traveling bands of different lengths to convey the types from the reservoirs to a collecting band or receiver, I employ one broad band, with inclined guiding-plates above it, to guide the type to one point at the delivery end of the band. In

this case the type-reservoirs, in place of being in a line at right angles, or nearly so, to the band, `are ranged in a line or lines inclined to it, so that each type shall take the same tim toreach the point of delivery.

i `In place of the type being pushed out sidewiseufrom the receivers by themeans above described,fthey might be pushed out length-` wise `by them onto the traveling bands, the

pushers in this case being worked by vertical levers carrying armatures, to work with magnets ina similar manner to that above de-v scribed.

i This arrangement would allow of' the typereservoirs being placed much closer together thanin the other arrangement. The pushers also, in this case, may be caused to make their "return stroke belowthe `bottom of the reservoirs, soV that the` weight `of type in the re` f ceiver may not beresting upon them inl the return stroke. i

iIn orderthatthe space between the bottom of each `reservoir and the endless traveling band may be of' the proper height to allow of one type only being pushed from it at 'each movement ot' its pusher, whatever may be the thickness of the type contained in such reservoir, I regulate the distance by means of one 'of the type themselves interposed between an arm projecting frointhe reservoir set up by one movement; for example, if the i operator makesthe contacts by touching `metal plates with a wire coupled to the battery, some of these metal plates may be coupled by wires to other small metal plates. ranged 'in a row and insulated from one another, so that by sweeping the point of the batterywire along this row theseveral letters represented by these plates will be delivered from their reservoirs, and in the order required. In cases, also, where thetype-setting machine is at a distance from the contact-making apparatus, the number of insulated wires passing from the one to the other may be reduced by so arranging the several contacts that a current must be passed from the battery through two or more of the wires to pass a current a plan view, and Fig. 2 a side elevation, of a type-setting machine constructed inthe manner hereinbetore iirst described. The apparatus for collecting the 4type into line is not shown in thesegures, but is shown at Figs. 3, 3a, 3b. i

0n Sheet 2, at Figs. 4, 5, and 6, I have shown separately".y views of one of the typereservoirs, ,audof the mechanism for expelling the type one by oneufrom its lower end, as required. Y

In these views, a. are thetype-reservoirs. b are the traveling tapes `onto which the type are received when `they are expelled from the lower ends `of these reservoirs. These tapes allpass over the rollcrm, which is driven continuously by a `beltpassing over the pulley d,

and which may be driven bya treadle ori-other means. By this means all thetapes aredriven continuously at one uniform surface-speed. e

Several machines might` is the tapeonto which the several tapes b all deliver the types which they receive from the reservoirs, alld which'conveys them all to the apparatus for -setting up the type into line. This tape is driven at a greater surface-speed than the tapes b by means of an endless cord, f, as shown. Y

So far the constructioll of the machille is l similar to machines heretofore constructed.

g g, Figs. 4, 5, and 6, are the pushers for expelling the type `one by one from the lower yends of the reservoirs. .,These pushers alld the parts connected with them are not shown in Figs. l and 2, in order. that other parts of th-e machine may be seen more clearly. The pushers g are carried by lever-arms g/from axes 7L,.as heretofore; but, in place of these axes having at their opposite ends lollg leverarms projecting from them to form finger-keys, by which a partial rotation may be given to the axes, I provide the axes with short leverarms fi, which carry armatures j. These armatures are suspended just'above'xed electromagnets k. One end of the wire coil of each magnet is coupled up to a wire passing to one pole of a battery, and the other elld of the wire coil is coupled upto oneor'other of the several metallic plates which vare set in the 'frame l, and which are insulated from one another. The letters, spaces, &c.,with which the several metallic platcsin this frame cori respond, are marked upon them in Fig. l, and

they are arranged in the same order as the ordinary divisions of a compositors case or tray.

To expel a letter or space from one or other of the reservoirs, the operator has simply to touch one or other of the metallic plates in the frame l with the end of a wire which is led from the opposite pole of the battery to that with which the coils of the electro-magnets are permanently collnected. This causes thel corresponding electro-magnet to attract its armature and cause the .pusher connected with it fto expel a type from its reservoir.

lf it be desired to increase the rallge of the machine, so that it may be capable of setting up capitals, numerals, and such like, in addition to the letters, spaces, Sac., as marked upon the several reservoirs in Fig. l, a supplelnentary apparatus may be added to it, as indicated by dotted lines ill this ligure, to deliver such letters, &c., onto one or other ot' the bands or tapes b. This apparatus lnay either be of the construction above described or (as is indicated by the' `dotted lines) of the modified arrangement of it which is hereinafter more fully described.

l will now-describe more fully the appara-` f type previously collected in the receivinglchannel n. The end of the channel nin which the type are received inclines downward, as

shown, at right angles, or nearly so, to the in clilled plate m, and, after passing down al short distance in this direction, it is bent round-and ledaway ill a horizontal direction, or nearly so.

Y As the type leaves the inclined plate m' it comes against the light hinged plate m', which not only serves to arrest the forward movelnent ofthe type, but also to'press downward its' tail end, so that the tail end of all oncoming type shall slip along the surface of the upper'- most type in thereceivingchannel a. As the type collect in the receiving-channell they are pushed downward along it by thepusher o, to wllich a to-and-fro lnotion is given by the cam 01, which is driven continuously by means of an endless cord, o2. The to-and-frolnotionof the pusher o is in a lille at right angles, or nearly so, with the inclined plate m, and'is at such a distance from the elld of this plate that even if v'two or three type happen to be'deliveredfrom theplate m' into the receiver n during the time the pusher is in-itsforward-positioll, as indicated by Fig. 3C, these type can lfall clear of the end of the plate m, and when the pusher recedes they will slip illto their proper position in the receiver. A

The mechanism I employ for preventing two type beillg silnultaneously delivered side by side from the plate miento the receiver als shown at Figs. 3231. lIt consists of a ligllt `metalspring, p, an'd a reciprocating stop, q.

If the type'are being conveyed forward one by one upon the tape e, as indicated by' Fig. 3, the spring p only serves to Vinsure. that the type shall lie correctly against a fixed metal fence or guide, c', which is at the edge ofthe tape e; but if two type are being conveyed forward side by side upon the tape, as indicated at Fig. 3b, the type which is farthest lfrom the tapeis arrested by the stop q, while the type which is next to the lnetal fence r is carried-forward by the tape, and when it has been carried forward beyond the type which was arrested, this latter type is pressed inward by the spring up to the metal fence, and is so moved clear of the stop, and is again carried forward by the traveling tape. The stop q is carried by the lever q1, and has are ciprocating to-and-fro movement given to it by pills e2 on the wheel el, around which the tape e passes. By thus giving a reciprocating motion to the stop a type, Awhell arrested by it, is moved backward, and enables the spring p to sooner press it up to the metal fence r, alld clear it from the stop.

This arrangement of nlachinery for setting up type into line is not only-applicable to the electro-magnetic machine above described, but to otherconstructions of type-settin g machines.

lIn order that the action of the machine may be at once arrested if, from any cause, the

' voirs; b, the broad endless traveling band.

comes against the end of a lever, s, and turns .this lever on its axis, so lifting the opposite end of the lever away from the plate t, upon which it previously rested, and thereby dis connecting one p ole of the battery from the machine, and arresting the delivery of any more type from the reservoirs. Any suitable contact-making apparatus may for this purpose becarried by the lever s and plate t.

At Fig. 7 I have shown a diagram plan view of afmodifcation of the type-setting-machine above described. In this modication one broad band is employed `to convey the` several types from the type-reservoirs to acollectlng-band, .which deposits them into the receiver. `In this figure, a are the typereserc c are inclined guiding-'plates above the band,

. which guide the type to the narrow exit-opening e c', through which the type pass on to an inclined endless traveling band, by`which the type are deposited into a vreceiver in asimilar manner to that hereinbefore described.` i Y In the arrangement shown in the drawing,

.the type are expelled sidcwisefrom the typereservoirs vontothe band by pushers worked by electro-magnets, as in the arrangement shown stated, the pushers, instead oi' acting sidewise upon the type, might be caused to expel them endwise from the reservoirs. Such an arrangement is shown at Fig. 8. In this gure, a, is a type-reservoir 5 b, the endless band; c, the

- pusher jointed to` thelower end of the lever d. The Lipper end of this lever carries an e armature in front of an electro-magnet.

. The upper arms ofthe levers may, as shown, be at different angles, so as to obtain suicient room for the electro-magnets, as indicated by the drawing. i i

`In order to reduce the amount of friction `upon the pushers in their backward movement, each 'pusher-blade is carried by a stem of less width than the type, as shown at Fig. 9, which, when the pusher has completed its forward movement, is pressed down by the e weight of the type through a slot in the bottom ofthe reservoir, so that whenthe pusher vis again drawn back, it passes below thebote tom of the reservoir, and when the backward stroke is completed, it is again drawn up into position for expellinganother type by means e of the spring cx. Y

' In place of the type being placed upon their e side in the reservoirs, and being expelled therefrom by pushers actin against their side or end, the type might be arranged to slide endwise down inclined reservoirs, as shown in the modlhed.arrangement at Fig. 10. In this arrangement the type are arrested by aslight projecting stop, a', near the bottom of the reservoirs a, and when a typeis to be expelled 'before explained.

from any reservoir,`a smallpusher, c,`is, by an clectromagnet, d, caused to rise up through the bottom of the reservoir and lift the end of the lowest type clear ofthe stop against which it Vwas previously resting. The whole column of type in the r'eservoirjwill then descend a distance equal to the lengthot' one type,I `and the lowest type will be expelled onto` the traveling tape b, byV which it will be conveyed away to be set up into line, ashereinbefore described. dx are "light springs to keep the type in place. if j` By employing electro-magnets to work the pushers for expelling type from the bottom of thc severalV reservoirs, as hereinbefore; "described, a type-setting machine may, if desired, be Worked by any operator ata distance"I "Several machines might also be worked from one Ykey-board. Whole words or sentences might also be set up by one movementyas `herein- At Fig. 11 I have shown a diagram view `oi' the contact apparatus hereinbeforedescribed for reducing the `number of wires required for working the machine. In this arrangement a current has to bepassedthrough two otthe `wires to pass a current through any one of the e coils of the electro-magnet; but, if desired, the apparatus might be arranged so thatfto do this it should require acurrent tol be passed through three of the wires, and thus thefnumber of wires required for working the machine would be still furtherreduced. In thelarthe type-setting machine is supposed to `be constructed with forty different type-resere voirs, which, if each magnet required a separate Wire leading to it, would require forty different wires. `To avoid the necessity of using so many wires Iemploy a key-board of forty keys divided into eight sets ofV ive-L-A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H. When any one ofthe nger-keys in the division A is depressedit makes two contacts. The tirst passes acurrent from the battery through the coils of the electro-magnet A, making ve contacts be tween vewires leading from the ivetingerkeys in A and the coils ofthe ive` electro magnets, and, the second contact causes a currentvto pass throughone or' other of these tive wires, so that, for example, if nger-hkey A is depressed by a metallic pointer attached to one pole of the battery, magnet A isfrst put into action, and then a current, either from the same or another battery, is passed through wire 1 of section A to the coils of electro-magnet A', and causes a type to beexpelledfrom the corresponding reservoir 1, section A, but

the pushers No. 1 in the sections B, C, D, E,

vention and the manner of performing the same, I would have it understood that l claim- 1. The combination of the electro-magnet, the aXis or rock-shaft actuated thereby, the pusher mounted on the axis, the type-reservoir,'across the mouth of which the pusher vibrates to move one type at a time, and .the endless apron which receives the type, these members being constructed and operating in combination, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.,

2. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the traveling tape, the guide, the spring which presses the type against the guide as it is carried forward by the tape, and a stop, whereby, in case of the attempt of two type to pass simultaneously into the receiver, the outer one would be held by the stop until the inner one had passed, and then be pushed into line by the spring to follow the other.

3. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the traveling tape, the guide, the spring, the stop mounted on the vibratory lever, and a crank-pin on the taperoller, whereby a backward movement is given to a type out of position to accelerate its return into line.

4. rlhe combination, substantially as herein set forth, of the inclined chute, the type-receiver, inclined downward at right angles to the chute, and the pusher working at right angles to the chute, and at such a distance from its lower end that type coming from the chute into the receiver and striking against the side of the pusher can drop clear of the end of the chute, whereby two or more type may enter the receiver when the pusher is in its forward position.

5. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of a traveling tape, the chute on which it delivers the type, the typereceiver, the pusher acting on the type, and the plate bearing on the type as they pass into the receiver.

6. The combination, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, of the chute over which the type pass, the vibrating plate under which the type pass, and the vibrating circuit-breaking lever, whereby the machine is thrown out of action by the too rapid collection of the type in the receiver.

J. HOOKER. Witnesses:

ROBERT I. DAY, WM. H. PIPE, Clerks to Mr. Archer, Solicitor, Lo'westoji.y 

